Italy

Italy’s “Golden Visa” is formally the Investor Visa for Italy, established in 2017 within Italy’s immigration framework. It is designed primarily for non-EU nationals who make a qualifying investment and follow a two-stage process: first obtaining government pre-clearance (a “nulla osta”), then applying for the entry visa through an Italian consulate. Once admitted to Italy, the applicant must apply promptly for the related residence permit and complete the investment within the prescribed timeframe set by the program rules. Qualifying routes generally include investment in Italian government bonds, equity investment in an Italian company, investment in an eligible innovative startup, or a philanthropic donation to a public-interest initiative. The visa is typically issued for two years initially, with renewals subject to maintaining the investment and satisfying ongoing compliance requirements.